Flat pedals provide a grippy platform that you can use with any shoe, including your own office shoes if you work in a formal environment. They’re great for a quicker bike-to-run transition because, without changing shoes, you eliminate the need to spend any more time in transition.
Platform pedals with toe clips and straps are used for city riding, casual riding, and road riding. The clips hold your feet in the proper position on the pedal, while the straps ensure that your feet stay in place. They’re convenient because they work with whatever shoes you have on at the moment, including sneakers. If you’re not ready to make the switch to clipless pedals, toe clips are a simple and inexpensive alternative, though they can be hard to use at first and aren’t the most efficient option.
The other option is clipless pedals(clipless means clipped in). They function by clipping the cleat on the bottom of your shoe into a compatible pedal. This allows you to take full advantage of your pedal stroke, which in turn allows you to ride faster once you have mastered the push and pull of it. They are great for bike control and pedaling efficiency, so ideal for longer rides and more challenging terrain.